General and special definitions of components in power adapters:
1. Ambient Temperature Common meaning: ambient temperature Special meaning: For the convection cooling power adapter, it refers to the temperature of the air directly below the power adapter at a position where the air flows freely. For fan-cooled power adapters, it refers to the air temperature at the fan inlet, and for conductive cooling components, it refers to the temperature of the heat exchanger surface. 2. Differential amplifier (Amplifier, Differential). For an amplifier with two signal terminals, its output voltage amplitude and polarity are proportional to the voltage difference and polarity applied to the inverting and non-inverting input terminals. Transconductance amplifier (Amplifier, Transconductance), an amplifier with two signal terminals, its output current is proportional to the voltage difference between the input terminals. Ancillary Function refers to all functions provided by the power adapter that are not directly related to the generation of stable output. If auxiliary function failures are not considered as major failures, they are sometimes ignored in the MTBF calculation 3. Automatic Crossover (Automatic Crossover). Special meaning: This term is usually used for variable power adapters with stable voltage and current characteristics in laboratory. These power adapters can automatically switch between the two operating states in response to changes in load or the control adjustment of the Korean certified power adapter. The running status is usually displayed by the indicator light on the front panel. 4. Auxiliary Output. Refers to the power adapter with multiple outputs except for the main output. All output outputs usually have a lower rated power and limited performance. 5. Bandwidth Common meaning: It describes the frequency response of a system, usually refers to the frequency difference between the higher frequency half power point (dropped 3dB) and the lower frequency half power point (dropped 3dB) or the frequency range dropped by 3dB . Special meaning: When used in a power adapter, it usually refers to a frequency range where the output ripple and noise components are specified or measured. 6. Biphase Rectifier. For a circuit that can rectify both half cycles of AC input, use a Transformer with a center-tapped winding 7. Bleeder Resistor. Its main purpose is to provide a load. For safety reasons, it can be used as a capacitor discharge or load preset at the output of the switching power adapter to prevent the voltage from rising too high after the external load is removed. It is also called dummy load resistance or preset load resistance. 8. Bridge Common meaning: a circuit structure, usually used for accurate measurement, in this circuit there are two voltage dividers (resistive or reactive) used to balance, an unknown reactance and a known precise quantity Compare. Special meaning: In power adapters, a bridge circuit structure usually refers to a method used to connect switching devices, and full-bridge or half-bridge connection is used in converter applications. It is also a method of connecting diodes to provide full-wave rectification from single-phase AC input. 9. Continue low voltage (Brownout) Common meaning: Refers to the external voltage falling below the minimum normal value specified by the power adapter, but this value is greater than zero. Continuous Low Voltage Detection (Brownout Detection) Special meaning: Used in the power adapter fault alarm circuit, it describes the ability of an alarm circuit to determine the critical Power Supply voltage. Under this voltage, an emergency fault alarm must be given in time to ensure the specified holding time at full load. This critical supply voltage is usually in the continuous low voltage range. 10. Continuous low voltage zone (Brownout zone) Special meaning: usually defined as the voltage between the lowest value at full load operation and the lowest value at which the power adapter can continue to work. In the continuous low voltage range, the power adapter usually cannot meet all the technical indicators. 11. Bus (Bus). Common meaning: In IEEE488, it refers to the interconnection lines between control ports. Special meaning: In the power adapter, it is used for the internal connection of the control or communication of a power adapter or the connection between power adapters, such as forced current sharing between P terminals or master-slave application connection. It can also be used in remote Distance program control or shutdown. Bushar ordinary meaning: a thick copper strip used for high-current interconnection. Usually, the bus has no insulation layer, but it can provide many load connection storage effects (Carryover). Special meaning: describes the short-term input failure of the switching power supply adapter The ability to continuously provide regulated output depends on the internal energy storage of the power adapter (usually in the input capacitor). See "Hold Time" 12. Centering Special meaning: A term often used for multi-output power adapters. It describes the inevitable deviation between the nominal voltage of the auxiliary output and the semi-adjustable output voltage due to design or manufacturing limitations (usually the effect caused by the number of turns of the transformer winding must be an integer). In addition, it is also an operation to adjust the output voltage to the center of a specified range. 13. Choke, an inductance specially designed to transmit large DC current components (in order to prevent saturation, choke usually has a magnetic core with an air gap or a special low permeability magnetic core). Nonlinear choke (Choke, Nonlinear). A specially designed choke with very high nonlinear characteristics. A nonlinear choke usually has a large inductance when the DC current is very low. When it is in the middle to the high end of the DC current range, it has a moderately constant and Small inductance (this non-linearity is usually caused by a stepped core air gap or a core with a combination of materials with different permeability). Usually used to extend the low end of the continuous operating range of a wide-range switching converter. Polarized choke (Choke, Polarized). The magnetic core has been pre-magnetized and biased to the choke at one end of the B/H feature (because there is a large magnetic offset in the opposite direction at this time, the choke with this characteristic can withstand a larger DC current component). Hard magnets with oxides (rare earth elements) placed in the air gap are usually used for magnetic offset. Choke coil radio frequency interference (Chokes, RFI). Specially designed choke with high self-resonant frequency, so it can provide maximum impedance at radio frequency. Various sparse winding or wave winding techniques are used to minimize the inter-turn capacitance. Choke, Swinging. It is such a choke, which is designed so that when the DC current decreases to zero, the inductance becomes very large. It has better linear characteristics than nonlinear chokes, and the change in permeability is a function of the performance of most magnetic core materials. 14. Common-Mode Ripple and Noise (Common-Mode Ripple and Noise). The voltage or current component of ripple and noise exists between the input or output line and a designated ground terminal.
August 18, 2020
