What is the importance of power factor?

August 18, 2021

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Why is Power Factor So Important In Electrical Power System ?

Generally, we can define the term power factor in three ways;

“The cosine of an angle between current and voltage of an Ac circuit is called power factor”
“The ratio between the resistance and total impedance of an Ac circuit is called power factor”
“The ratio between the active power and apparent power is called power factor”

Considering an inductive load, the power factor will be lagging due to which the current is lagging behind the voltage. While in capacitive load the angle goes opposite, the applied current angle is now leading before the voltage and consider as leading power factor.

The power factor plays an important role in ac circuits depending upon the load. As we know that lower the power factor, higher is the load current and vice-versa. *Lagging power factor has some disadvantages like large KVA rating because the KVA is inversely proportional to the power factor.

Similarly in lagging power factor the transmission lines must have greater conductor size due to which at low power factor the conductor carries a large amount of current.
Another demerit is the large copper losses, at low power factor the conductor carries large current
causes more IR2 losses. This results in poor efficiency.
The large current at low power factor causes greater voltage losses in alternator and transmission lines and with this effect, the system might reduce loading handling capacity as well.

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