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What is EMC and EMC design

November 30, 2020

EMC (Electro MagneTIc CompaTIbility) - Electromagnetic compatibility refers to the ability of an electronic, electrical device or system to function properly in the intended electromagnetic environment, and is also an important technical performance of an electronic or electrical device or system. As far as the world is concerned, the issue of electromagnetic compatibility has formed a new discipline. It is also a marginal science based on electromagnetic field theory, including information, electrical, electronics, communication, materials, structure, etc., and it is also a practice. Stronger disciplines require product engineers to have a wealth of practical knowledge. The central task of electromagnetic compatibility is to study how to control and eliminate electromagnetic interference, so that when an electronic device or system is linked to other devices, it does not cause deterioration or degradation of the performance of any part of the device or system. An ideally designed electronic device or system should not emit any unwanted energy and should not be affected by any unwanted energy. Of course, before the electronic equipment or system leaves the factory, the main basis for measuring its EMC J is the FMC test results. These tests are to simulate some of the harassment and interference that the product has in the actual working environment, as shown in the figure. At present, measuring the EMC performance of a product is mainly considered from the following two aspects.

EMC

Some harassment and interference of the product in the actual working environment

(1) EMI (Electro Magne TIc Interference) - electromagnetic interference performance. When the equipment or system in a certain environment is in normal operation, electromagnetic energy exceeding the requirements of the corresponding standards shall not be generated. Such electromagnetic interference is:

● electromagnetic disturbance from the power line;

● Harassment transmitted from signal lines and control lines;

● Harassment radiated from the product housing (including all cables in the product);

● Harmonic current conducted from the power port (Harmonic);

● Voltage fluctuations and flicker generated by the power port (FluctuaTIon and Flicker).

(2) EMS (Electro Magnetic Susceptibility) - electromagnetic immunity performance. That is, when the system is in a certain environment or the system is in normal operation, each system or system can withstand various types of electromagnetic energy interference. This electromagnetic energy interference mainly includes:

● Electrostatic discharge;

● an electrical fast transient burst of the power port;

● Electrical fast transient bursts of signal lines and control line ports;

● Surge and lightning strikes on the power port;

● Surge and lightning strikes on signal lines and control line ports;

● electromagnetic radiation transmitted from the space to the product housing;

● Conducted interference from the power port;

● The voltage drop and interruption of the power port.

EMC design is to improve the EMC performance of the product (including the anti-interference ability of the Power Supplies and the anti-harassment level of the Transformer) in the product design process, and use certain design techniques and additional technical means, and can design according to the product in a certain environment. Expect normal operation. In order to measure the EMC performance of the product before it reaches the actual application environment, EMC testing is required. Corresponding to the FMC indicators of the above products, EMC testing usually has the following two aspects.

(1) EMI electromagnetic interference test

● Power line conducted disturbance (CE) test;

● Signal and control line conducted disturbance (CE) test;

● Radiation disturbance (RE) is tested;

●Harmonic current (Harmonic) test;

● Voltage fluctuation and flicker (Fluctuation and Flicker) test.

(2) EMS electromagnetic immunity test

● Electrostatic discharge (ESD) immunity test;

● Electrical fast transient burst (EFT/B) immunity test of the power port;

● Electrical fast transient burst (EFT/B) immunity test of signal lines and control lines;

● Surge surge (SURGE) and lightning strike test;

● Signal line, control line surge (SURGE) and lightning test;

● Shell radiation immunity (RS) dam;

● Conducted immunity (CS) test of the power port;

● Conducted immunity (CS) test of signal lines and control lines;

● Voltage drop and interrupt test (DIP) at the power port.

For automotive and automotive electronics, EMC testing is relatively special due to its relatively special electromagnetic environment and Power Supply environment, but it can also be divided into two categories: EMI testing and EMS testing. It highlights the importance of ISO, CISPR and SAEJ standards, and there are two specific FMC test projects.

(1) EMI test

● It meets the radiation disturbance test of CISPR25 (corresponding to national standard GB18655), CISPR12 (corresponding to national standard GB14023), and SAEJ551/5 (corresponding to national standard GB18387);

● Conducted coupling/transient launch disturbance test in accordance with CISPR25 (corresponding to GB18655).

(2) EMS test

● Power line conduction coupling/transient immunity test according to 1507637-1/2 standard;

● Conductor coupling/transient immunity test of sensor cable and control cable in accordance with the 1507637-3 standard;

● Compliance with the RF conducted immunity test specified in the 150114527 (corresponding to the national standard GB17619);

● Compliance with the radiated field immunity test specified in the 15011452-2 (corresponding to the national standard GB17619) standard;

● The radiation field immunity test of the transverse electromagnetic wave (TEM) chamber in accordance with the 15011452-3 (corresponding to the national standard GB17619) standard;

●According to the high current injection (BCI) immunity test specified in the 15011452-4 (corresponding to the national standard GB17619) standard;

● Compliance with the stripline immunity test specified in the 15011452-5 (corresponding to the national standard GB17619) standard;

●Compliant with the three-plate immunity test specified in the 15011452-6 (corresponding to the standard GB17619);

● ESD immunity test in accordance with 15010605 standard.

EMC design cannot be designed separately for hardware circuit design, structural design, software design, etc. It is attached to other design activities of the product. If you must classify EMC design activities, then mainly include:

(1) EMC standard and demand analysis of products;

(2) FMC design of the mechanical structure of the product, including the design of the cable part in the product;

(3) FMC design of the circuit schematic;

(4) EMC design of the PCB;

(5) Improvements in problems during EMC testing.

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