What causes the explosion of lithium batteries?

October 20, 2020

Long-term overcharge of the battery: In the long-term charging state, overcharge and overcurrent will also cause high temperature and high pressure, which may cause hidden dangers. Lithium batteries may instantaneously discharge under special conditions of temperature, humidity, and poor contact to generate a large amount of current, and cause spontaneous combustion or explosion.

Battery short circuit: When the mobile phone is in a high temperature state, or is subject to impacts, metal friction, etc., it may cause the battery to short circuit and explode.

The charger causes the battery to explode: playing with the phone while charging, and charging while playing will cause the charging time to become longer. Charging for a long time will cause the temperature of the phone to rise, making it easier to explode.

The charger does not match the battery: Generally, mobile phones have original chargers. A charger of the wrong model is likely to cause a battery accident. Apple phones only accept the original charger to charge, which greatly reduces the chance of battery explosion.

Excessive temperature: Excessive temperature means that the internal heat of the battery has reached the limit. Prolonged charging, high temperature irradiation, and baking can easily cause the battery to overheat. In southern my country, most families use electric ovens in winter. Many people like to use their phones while grilling on the electric oven. This is also very dangerous.

Thermal runaway: The reason why lithium-ion batteries may explode is due to a process called "thermal runaway" in the reaction inside the battery. "Thermal runaway" is a positive energy feedback loop process: increased temperature will cause the system to heat up, and the system will heat up to increase the temperature, which in turn makes the system hotter. The above reasons such as short-circuit of the battery, high ambient temperature, frequent overcharging, unauthorized modification of the casing, etc., will cause thermal runaway of the lithium-ion battery, which may eventually cause fire or explosion.

But don’t worry too much, your electronic device is not a ticking time bomb. As long as they are used reasonably, the lithium battery will work safely and reliably.

Whenever the power drops to 50%, you should charge it. Lithium ions have no memory effect, but too low voltage can seriously damage them.

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